Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Unit 2 â€Principles of Personal Development in Adult Social...
LEVEL 2 – CERTIFICATE IN PREPARING TO WORK IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE UNIT 2 –Principles of personal development in adult social care settings. OUTCOME 1 Understand what is required for good practice in adult social care roles. 1.1 Identify standards that influence the way adult social care job roles are carried out. Below is a list of some of the legislations that are relevant to adult social care. These make up ‘standards’ to follow for good practice. * Care Standards Act 2000 * Domiciliary Care Regulations 2002 * Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 * Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 * Management of Health Safety at Work Regulations 1999 * GSCC Codes of Practice for social care workers†¦show more content†¦They all were designed to cover the symptoms and signs of different types of abuse, financial, physical, sexual, institutional, etc. It also covered what staff should do if they suspect abuse of a service user, who to report it to, and the procedures to follow. Whilst I had undertaken similar courses before, they had always dealt with the subject from the point of view of dealing with children, I come from an education background, and I had never really considered that there were so many different types, particularly those of financial and institutional abuse. While I hope I will never encounter any suspected case of abuse, but if I did, I now know what actions to take. 2.2 Describe how reflecting on a situation has improved own knowledge, skills and understanding. Reflecting on your own work activities is an important way to develop knowledge, skills and practice as you need to be able to identify and understand any possible discrepancies between your own work practice and the expectations of the organisation you work for and the governing body that oversees your profession. In my previous profession I was continuously required to assess how well my own knowledge, skills and understanding meet professional standards by reflecting on my own practices and the achievement of the students in my care. I reflected on my work activities and any notable incidents, discussing any identified issues with the Head.Show MoreRelatedMs Lou1635 Words  | 7 PagesUnit Title: Unit sector reference: Level: Credit value: Guided learning hours: Unit expiry date: Unit accreditation number: Principles of safeguarding and protection in health and social care HSC 024 2 3 26 31/05/2015 A/601/8574 Unit purpose and aim This unit is aimed at those working in a wide range of settings. This unit introduces the important area of safeguarding individuals from abuse. It identifies different types of abuse and the signs and symptoms that might indicate abuse is occurringRead MoreHealth and Social Care Essay830 Words  | 4 PagesUnit 2 Principles of Personal Development in Adult Social Care settings. Name of Candidate: Learning outcomes | Assessment criteria 1.1 | | Question: Identify standards that influence the way adult social care job roles are carried out.National Minimum StandardsNational Occupational StandardsGood codes of practice and adhering to these codes of practice are a requirement.The policies of the organisation, How the structures work and the people who manage or supervise you. | 1. understandRead MoreCache Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young Peoples Workforce (Qcf) England1555 Words  | 7 PagesUnit title: principles of implementing duty care in health, social care or children’s and young people settings  Unit number: SHC 32                                Unit reference: R/601/1429  Unit level: 3                                                Unit credit level value: 3  | Name: |Annam Khan |Today’s date: | |  1. Understand what is required for work competence in own work role. 1. Describe the duties and responsibilities of ownRead MoreEssay, Term Paper, or Research Paper5605 Words  | 23 PagesLevel 2 Diploma in Health and Social Care (Adults) for England (4222-21) Candidate logbook 501/1306/9 Mandatory Units All pathways www.cityandguilds.com June 2011 Version 1.0 August 2012 Version 1.1 About City Guilds As the UK’s leading vocational education organisation, City Guilds is leading the talent revolution by inspiring people to unlock their potential and develop their skills. We offer over 500 qualifications across 28 industries through 8500 centres worldwide and award around twoRead MorePrinciples of Personal Development in Adult Social Care Settings1217 Words  | 5 PagesHealth and Social Care Assignment UNIT 2 - PRINCIPLES OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS ASSIGNMENT OVERVIEW In this assignment, you will look at the importance of reflective practice in adult social care. You will explore how reflective practice can improve your development and practice and contribute to the quality of service provision You will also look at the process of planning development, and the importance of feedback and reflect on how your values, belief systems mayRead MoreEssay on Unit 2 - Principles of Personal Development1152 Words  | 5 PagesHealth and Social Care Assignment UNIT 2 - PRINCIPLES OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSIGNMENT OVERVIEW In this assignment, you will investigate standards that influence adult social care practice. You will look at examples of these standards and how they affect the role of social care workers. Personal development and reflective practice are important for social care workers, and you will be completing tasks that cover these concepts. You will look at the different ways that this is done, how youRead MoreUnit 11 Essay1647 Words  | 7 PagesHELEN UNIT 11 /SHC34 PRINCIPLES FOR IMPLEMENTING DUTY OF CARE IN HEALTH, SOCIAL CARE OR CHILDRENS AND YOUNG PEOPLES SETTINGS TASK 1 TO LEARNING OUTCOME 1 ASSESMENT CRITERIA 1.1, 1.2, 1.1 To have a duty of care means to be accountable for the children and young people in your care by e.g. exercising authority, managing risks, working safely, safeguarding children and young people, monitoring own behaviour and conduct, maintaining confidentiality, storing personal information appropriatelyRead MoreUnit 302 - Principles of personal development in adult social care settings944 Words  | 4 Pagesï » ¿L3 HSC Technical Certificate unit worksheet Unit 302 - Principles of personal development in adult social care settings The numbers in the bracket after each question relate to the assessment criteria in the standards 1. Explain what reflective practice is (1.1.1) It means that you stop and think about your practice; the process of reflecting on something you have done or a task you have undertaken. You may look at them from different points of view, you think about what went wellRead MoreUnit 11: Principles of Personal Development in Adult Social Care1105 Words  | 5 PagesUNIT 11: Principles of personal development in adult social care Learning outcome 1 – Understand how to reflect on practice in adult social care 1.1 To practice reflectively involves being able to think about an event after it happened, critically evaluate your actions and make adjustments if necessary. In reality the people you work with are all different. Some find it harder than others. This is largely connected to the need to be seen to be doing the right thing. Reflective practice isRead MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words  | 124 PagesVersion 5.0 December 2010 Version 6.0 May 2011 Version 7.0 December 2011 Publisher Council for Awards in Care, Health and Education Apex House 81 Camp Road St Albans Hertfordshire AL1 5GB Telephone: 0845 347 2123 Registered Company No: 2887166 Registered Charity No: 1036232 Printed in England by Ocà © (UK) Limited Ocà © House Chatham Way Brentwood Essex CM14 4DZ  © CACHE 2011 Version 7.0 2 Qualification Specification Contents Section 1: General introduction About this Qualification Specification
Monday, December 16, 2019
Eight Stages In the Development of Man Free Essays
Aging in the middle ages is certain that life has meaning and it is clear what life really is, it assigned to humans as highly important compare to all living things. The life span on earth is only diminutive interval, as we stay on earth the soul temporary become a prison of the body, the human body experience a short trial and test meant to end death. The important aspect is the life after death of the body, the existence of human being is not focused on what was gained in this material world, what life can offer, but reserves the immortal soul from death and ceaseless death and torture, by gaining endless life and everlasting happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Eight Stages In the Development of Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the development of man in a chronological way there are eight stages infancy (0-2years), early childhood (age 2-6), middle childhood (6-12 years), adolescence (12-18 years), early adulthood (18-40), middle adulthood (40-60), the irregular sounding early late adulthood (60-75) and late adulthood (75+). In childhood development, children develop rapidly as they are exposed to different attitudes and behaviors. They learn many things formally and informally, these experiences contribute to their emotional, intellectual, physical and social development. Adolescence has traditionally been viewed to begin with puberty, a sudden spurt in physical growth accompanied by sexual maturity. There is a common image of adolescents as unpredictable creatures, prone to mood swing and wild emotional outbursts. This shows that adolescents are more emotionally volatile than adults. In adulthood the individuals grow older they confront new combinations of biological drives and societal demands. By forty years old, most people are all too aware of the changes occurring within their bodies. Strength and vigor in various organ systems decline and changes are readily visible in body shapes and skin as bulges and wrinkles gradually replace gradually replace the sleek torsos and smooth exterior of youth. Sexual activity tends to decrease for both sexes and women in their late forties or early fifties experience pause. Physical changes are inevitable during mid-life, but the magnitude and the rate of such changes are strongly influenced by the the individual lifestyle. Growing evidence suggests that such factors as physical exercise, personal nutrition and effective management of stress may be better predictors of physical vigor and health than age. Comparative research has been made choosing animal models for research in aging, examination of animals is made so that the importance and suitability of particular genus for studies on aging. They use animal model on research for aging because it is a living life form on which a normative natural or behavioral characteristic of aging can be studied. It a semantic confusion when we hear the term research on aging, so we must characterize the areas of scientific analysis on aging. There are two wide categories to do research – the biology of aging or pathology of aging. When we refer to the biology of aging it is commonly based on the origin that aging and are normal processes, a fraction of physiological range in which aging is a step in the progress of the normal life span. Whereas, the pathology of aging is based on the basis that aging is a disease. To define aging more precisely, research should give more focus on genetic inclination from birth to old age, which may require the evaluation of very young subjects to typify its growth and eventual appearance in the aged. The occurrence of disease, exposure to environmental pollutants, and infectious agents that affect the elderly that manifest only at their old age. The most important goals of biomedical and behavioral research on aging is to develop the worth of life for the aged, to have a direct development of efficient health concern services for the aged. There are two kinds of aging, primary aging and secondary aging. Primary aging refers to changes produced by increasing age. Secondary aging can be traced to changes resulting from disease, disuse, or abuse of our bodies. It is incorrect to attribute ill health and discomfort to simply the negative effects of old age. Factors such as lifestyle and specific illnesses, which are not age related, should be considered as possible causes. Indeed, our physical state during later life is more under our control. Such psychological ideas came from Greek and Roman thought. There is a concealed measurement of ancient philosophy that appeal to a theory divine transcendence ultimately triumphed in form of religion. Both prehistoric and medieval civilizations took for granted that the thoughtful means of life represented the utmost opportunity of human subsistence. This reality is essential to understand the contemporary apprehension of old age, which is a horror of the vacuum, the indeterminate state of apathy. The attitudes that the Greek holds do not necessarily replicate the realism of other people’s lives. Even healthier individuals have a pessimistic outlook towards aging thus, influence the perception of younger people to the ways they choose to interact with the elderly. There are two conflicting traditions of thought that propose our ideas and attitudes about aging, the traditional Greek view of aging is very negative, because the Greeks strained the enormous luck and the great hardship of the old. In their own view if a person has already conceded his/her youthful years, it is better to die than experience the indignities of aging. On the other hand the medieval attitudes towards aging is very positive, since they believe that as a a person grows older, it brings position and prestige to him and his family and also the community where he lives. This discrepancy among the contrasting civilization is best seen in the reasons specified for the death of a young person. In the Middle Eastern view is that the bad man dies young whereas, an old age is a sanction which means when a person dies young he is not blessed, in contrast to ancient Greek which believes that a man who dies at an early age is loved by the Gods and a individual who lives into old age is being punished by the Gods. The attitudes that the Greek holds do not necessarily replicate the realism of other people’s lives. Even healthier individuals have a pessimistic outlook towards aging thus; influence the perception of younger people to the ways they choose to interact with the elderly. There are two conflicting traditions of thought that propose our ideas and attitudes about aging, the traditional Greek view of aging is very negative, because the Greeks strained the enormous luck and the great hardship of the old. In their own view if a person has already conceded his/her youthful years, it is better to die than experience the indignities of aging. On the other hand the medieval attitudes towards aging is very positive, since they believe that as a  person grows older, it brings position and prestige to him and his family and also the community where he lives. This discrepancy among the contrasting civilization is best seen in the reasons specified for the death of a young person. In the Middle Eastern view is that the bad man dies young whereas, an old age is a sanction which means when a person dies young he is not blessed, in contrast to ancient Greek which believes that a man who dies at an early age is loved by the Gods and a individual who lives into old age is being punished by the Gods. Deprived wellbeing in aging requires increased beneficial expenditures that transmit income from other essential areas such as home preservation or the purchase of food. There should be a concerned social or physical environment may retard the rate of functional loss to some degree. Successful planning for an aging society obviously requires attention to the qualitative aspects of aging as well as to the quantitative features. Such factors mostly define the value of life at any age and include not only health status but also monetary standing and aspects of both social and substantial environment. There are large numbers of changes in the ways aging people experience in their environments, during the years of adulthood and into old age. These changes engross the course of sensation and perception. We define sensation as the transmission of the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and feel of the internal and outside environments, into terms that the brain can use to interpret these signals. In contrast, the term perception is the procedure that happens in the brain as it integrates these signals with the person’s past comprehension and information coming from the different experiences. The aging process affects both sensation and perception in the tangential and central mechanism of the nervous system. Lots of information is available which are responsible on the aging of the structures for sensation compare on the aging of upper level brain centers concerned in perception. There are deep effects on adjustment of the many age correlated changes in the understanding of intellect information. In every day existence adults use sensory and perceptual processes, from ordinary routine interaction to difficult problem situations, and even on matters of life and death. Context is a common issue that may strengthen the usual cognitive problems of aging. The associated changes in the brain dopamine has influence how people process background information, which in turn can hurt concentration memory and more. The psychologist have establish the â€Å"absent link†between the aging brain and waning cognitive abilities, there are also studies that shows where the older people and younger people pathways in context processing. The slow lessening of the ability to gain and utilize background clues could clarify why aging people refuse cognition across a range of function. Psychologist develops complete, brain based representation of normal aging, that makes them able to eventually slow or stop these worrying cognitive decline. The best example is when psychologist uses dopamine to be used in context   processing which is a kind of psychological â€Å"operating system†that sits among the brain’s prefrontal cortex and cognition; they believe that definite sufficient levels of the chemical messenger dopamine, the prefrontal cortex consistently enables to course for a thought, memory of the actions. Therefore, context processing can have a wide impact, straddling cognitive process once thought to be autonomous. The context processing, has the capability to supersede a defaulting behavior to perform something in a contextually suitable way. To sum it up, in this process helps aging people to decide which way to go to the market, what to utter based on who is listening or what uncertain word would mean in a meticulous sentence. Health promotion has been a functional social science whose theoretical structure has developed from a psychology, anthropology and sociology foundation. Since 1970’s there are already programs given based on the theories of health promotions, usually implemented across large populations. It is also a mixture of health education and related managerial, political, and economic changes conductive to wellbeing. A health promotion program, then, is planned to improve the health and welfare of individuals and communities by giving the people with the information, expertise, services, and sustainability needed to take on and preserve optimistic lifestyle changes. Successful health promotion programs are health enhancement programs; they go further than providing information to effect behavioral alteration. It emphasize has been on physical health condition and health assurance, usual study of insurance price infer that the health promotion program could decrease morbidity from disease. Two types of learning programs for older drivers have been developed, the first one is precautionary driving approach to decrease fears and sharpen driving skills. The next program is for older citizens who had one or other accidents and uses a defensive-driving/traffic school approach to decrease threat of accident. Programs may be offered in a multiplicity of setting such as senior and district centers. The organization of support groups, conducting of meetings of people with meticulous emotional wants share and discuss the crisis the member faces. These groups can be organized by retirement homes, hospitals, senior centers, and community interest society.  Reassurance of telephone programs, it is the duty of a fit and self sufficient person to voluntary calls a homebound or apprehensive elder person each day at the same time to check on his protection and well being. Transportation programs, there are vans or minibuses that provide transport for older adults or the handicapped to physicians, hospital, clinics. Volunteer programs, any sort of organization that operates more efficiently and has increased sense of community importance if an efficient volunteer is developed and equipped. Program developments include advances in public wellbeing, preventive and curative medicine, health education, and medical technology have caused enormous changes in the configuration of the populace of aging populations. Conclusion Everyone of us started from being a child until we reach old age, as we grow older we become unique to other people, each of us has a different genetic make up. During the life course, the range of those persons is created by how person invested time and energy. The life time approach to the learning of aging is one way of conceptualizing many of the factors that influence how individual modify as they grow older, and how different personality show unlike patterns of change in aging. Work Cited Cockayne K. (2003). Experiencing Old Age in Ancient Rome. Sociology, Routlidge Publishing. Decalmer P. and Glandenning F. (1997) The Mistreatment of Elderly People. Sociology. Sage Publication. Sage Newbury Park, CA. Davies, J.K., Gordon M., editor (1998). Quality, Evidence, and Health Effectiveness in Health Promotion. Routledge Publishing. Gilford, D. M. (1988).The Aging Population In The Twenty-First Century. Contributor National Academy of Sciences. National Academic Press. Haber, D. (2007). Health Promotion of Aging; Practical Applications for Health Professionals. Fourth edition. Springer Publishing Company Timmreck, T.C. (2003).Planning Program Development and Evaluation. Jones and Barlett Publishers. Timiras, P.S., (2002) Physiological Basis of Aging And Geriatrics. Mac Millan Publishing. New York. Webb, R.C., (1999). Psychology of The Consumer And It’s Development .Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers. New York. How to cite Eight Stages In the Development of Man, Essay examples Eight Stages In the Development of Man Free Essays Aging in the middle ages is certain that life has meaning and it is clear what life really is, it assigned to humans as highly important compare to all living things. The life span on earth is only diminutive interval, as we stay on earth the soul temporary become a prison of the body, the human body experience a short trial and test meant to end death. The important aspect is the life after death of the body, the existence of human being is not focused on what was gained in this material world, what life can offer, but reserves the immortal soul from death and ceaseless death and torture, by gaining endless life and everlasting happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Eight Stages In the Development of Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the development of man in a chronological way there are eight stages infancy (0-2years), early childhood (age 2-6), middle childhood (6-12 years), adolescence (12-18 years), early adulthood (18-40), middle adulthood (40-60), the irregular sounding early late adulthood (60-75) and late adulthood (75+). In childhood development, children develop rapidly as they are exposed to different attitudes and behaviors. They learn many things formally and informally, these experiences contribute to their emotional, intellectual, physical and social development. Adolescence has traditionally been viewed to begin with puberty, a sudden spurt in physical growth accompanied by sexual maturity. There is a common image of adolescents as unpredictable creatures, prone to mood swing and wild emotional outbursts. This shows that adolescents are more emotionally volatile than adults. In adulthood the individuals grow older they confront new combinations of biological drives and societal demands. By forty years old, most people are all too aware of the changes occurring within their bodies. Strength and vigor in various organ systems decline and changes are readily visible in body shapes and skin as bulges and wrinkles gradually replace gradually replace the sleek torsos and smooth exterior of youth. Sexual activity tends to decrease for both sexes and women in their late forties or early fifties experience pause. Physical changes are inevitable during mid-life, but the magnitude and the rate of such changes are strongly influenced by the the individual lifestyle. Growing evidence suggests that such factors as physical exercise, personal nutrition and effective management of stress may be better predictors of physical vigor and health than age. Comparative research has been made choosing animal models for research in aging, examination of animals is made so that the importance and suitability of particular genus for studies on aging. They use animal model on research for aging because it is a living life form on which a normative natural or behavioral characteristic of aging can be studied. It a semantic confusion when we hear the term research on aging, so we must characterize the areas of scientific analysis on aging. There are two wide categories to do research – the biology of aging or pathology of aging. When we refer to the biology of aging it is commonly based on the origin that aging and are normal processes, a fraction of physiological range in which aging is a step in the progress of the normal life span. Whereas, the pathology of aging is based on the basis that aging is a disease. To define aging more precisely, research should give more focus on genetic inclination from birth to old age, which may require the evaluation of very young subjects to typify its growth and eventual appearance in the aged. The occurrence of disease, exposure to environmental pollutants, and infectious agents that affect the elderly that manifest only at their old age. The most important goals of biomedical and behavioral research on aging is to develop the worth of life for the aged, to have a direct development of efficient health concern services for the aged.  There are two kinds of aging, primary aging and secondary aging. Primary aging refers to changes produced by increasing age. Secondary aging can be traced to changes resulting from disease, disuse, or abuse of our bodies. It is incorrect to attribute ill health and discomfort to simply the negative effects of old age. Factors such as lifestyle and specific illnesses, which are not age related, should be considered as possible causes. Indeed, our physical state during later life is more under our control. Such psychological ideas came from Greek and Roman thought. There is a concealed measurement of ancient philosophy that appeal to a theory divine transcendence ultimately triumphed in form of religion. Both prehistoric and medieval civilizations took for granted that the thoughtful means of life represented the utmost opportunity of human subsistence. This reality is essential to understand the contemporary apprehension of old age, which is a horror of the vacuum, the indeterminate state of apathy. The attitudes that the Greek holds do not necessarily replicate the realism of other people’s lives. Even healthier individuals have a pessimistic outlook towards aging thus, influence the perception of younger people to the ways they choose to interact with the elderly. There are two conflicting traditions of thought that propose our ideas and attitudes about aging, the traditional Greek view of aging is very negative, because the Greeks strained the enormous luck and the great hardship of the old. In their own view if a person has already conceded his/her youthful years, it is better to die than experience the indignities of aging. On the other hand the medieval attitudes towards aging is very positive, since they believe that as a a person grows older, it brings position and prestige to him and his family and also the community where he lives. This discrepancy among the contrasting civilization is best seen in the reasons specified for the death of a young person. In the Middle Eastern view is that the bad man dies young whereas, an old age is a sanction which means when a person dies young he is not blessed, in contrast to ancient Greek which believes that a man who dies at an early age is loved by the Gods and a individual who lives into old age is being punished by the Gods. The attitudes that the Greek holds do not necessarily replicate the realism of other people’s lives. Even healthier individuals have a pessimistic outlook towards aging thus; influence the perception of younger people to the ways they choose to interact with the elderly. There are two conflicting traditions of thought that propose our ideas and attitudes about aging, the traditional Greek view of aging is very negative, because the Greeks strained the enormous luck and the great hardship of the old. In their own view if a person has already conceded his/her youthful years, it is better to die than experience the indignities of aging. On the other hand the medieval attitudes towards aging is very positive, since they believe that as a  person grows older, it brings position and prestige to him and his family and also the community where he lives. This discrepancy among the contrasting civilization is best seen in the reasons specified for thedeath of a young person. In the Middle Eastern view is that the bad man dies young whereas, an old age is a sanction which means when a person dies young he is not blessed, in contrast to ancient Greek which believes that a man who dies at an early age is loved by the Gods and a individual who lives into old age is being punished by the Gods. Deprived wellbeing in aging requires increased beneficial expenditures that transmit income from other essential areas such as home preservation or the purchase of food. There should be a concerned social or physical environment may retard the rate of functional loss to some degree. Successful planning for an aging society obviously requires attention to the qualitative aspects of aging as well as to the quantitative features. Such factors mostly define the value of life at any age and include not only health status but also monetary standing and aspects of both social and substantial environment. There are large numbers of changes in the ways aging people experience in their environments, during the years of adulthood and into old age. These changes engross the course of sensation and perception. We define sensation as the transmission of the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and feel of the internal and outside environments, into terms that the brain can use to interpret these signals. In contrast, the term perception is the procedure that happens in the brain as it integrates these signals with the person’s past comprehension and information coming from the different experiences. The aging process affects both sensation and perception in the tangential and central mechanism of the nervous system. Lots of information is available which are responsible on the aging of the structures for sensation compare on the aging of upper level brain centers concerned in perception. There are deep effects on adjustment of the many age correlated changes in the understanding of intellect information. In every day existence adults use sensory and perceptual processes, from ordinary routine interaction to difficult problem situations, and even on matters of life and death. Context is a common issue that may strengthen the usual cognitive problems of aging. The associated changes in the brain dopamine has influence how people process background information, which in turn can hurt concentration memory and more. The psychologist have establish the â€Å"absent link†between the aging brain and waning cognitive abilities, there are also studies that shows where the older people and younger people pathways in context processing. The slow lessening of the ability to gain and utilize background clues could clarify why aging people refuse cognition across a range of function. Psychologist develops complete, brain based representation of normal aging, that makes them able to eventually slow or stop these worrying cognitive decline. The best example is when psychologist uses dopamine to be used in context   processing which is a kind of psychological â€Å"operating system†that sits among the brain’s prefrontal cortex and cognition; they believe that definite sufficient levels of the chemical messenger dopamine, the prefrontal cortex consistently enables to course for a thought, memory of the actions. Therefore, context processing can have a wide impact, straddling cognitive process once thought to be autonomous. The context processing, has the capability to supersede a defaulting behavior to perform something in a contextually suitable way. To sum it up, in this process helps aging people to decide which way to go to the market, what to utter based on who is listening or what uncertain word would mean in a meticulous sentence. Health promotion has been a functional social science whose theoretical structure has developed from a psychology, anthropology and sociology foundation. Since 1970’s there are already programs given based on the theories of health promotions, usually implemented across large populations. It is also a mixture of health education and related managerial, political, and economic changes conductive to wellbeing. A health promotion program, then, is planned to improve the health and welfare of individuals and communities by giving the people with the information, expertise, services, and sustainability needed to take on and preserve optimistic lifestyle changes. Successful health promotion programs are health enhancement programs; they go further than providing information to effect behavioral alteration. It emphasize has been on physical health condition and health assurance, usual study of insurance price infer that the health promotion program could decrease morbidity from disease. Two types of learning programs for older drivers have been developed, the first one is precautionary driving approach to decrease fears and sharpen driving skills. The next program is for older citizens who had one or other accidents and uses a defensive-driving/traffic school approach to decrease threat of accident. Programs may be offered in a multiplicity of setting such as senior and district centers. The organization of support groups, conducting of meetings of people with meticulous emotional wants share and discuss the crisis the member faces. These groups can be organized by retirement homes, hospitals, senior centers, and community interest society. Reassurance of telephone programs, it is the duty of a fit and self sufficient person to voluntary calls a homebound or apprehensive elder person each day at the same time to check on his protection and well being. Transportation programs, there are vans or minibuses that provide transport for older adults or the handicapped to physicians, hospital, clinics. Volunteer programs, any sort of organization that operates more efficiently and has increased sense of community importance if an efficient volunteer is developed and equipped. Program developments include advances in public wellbeing, preventive and curative medicine, health education, and medical technology have caused enormous changes in the configuration of the populace of aging populations. Conclusion Everyone of us started from being a child until we reach old age, as we grow older we become unique to other people, each of us has a different genetic make up. During the life course, the range of those persons is created by how person invested time and energy. The life time approach to the learning of aging is one way of conceptualizing many of the factors that influence how individual modify as they grow older, and how different personality show unlike patterns of change in aging. Work Cited Cockayne K. (2003). Experiencing Old Age in Ancient Rome. Sociology, Routlidge Publishing. Decalmer P. and Glandenning F. (1997) The Mistreatment of Elderly People. Sociology. Sage Publication. Sage Newbury Park, CA. Davies, J.K., Gordon M., editor (1998). Quality, Evidence, and Health Effectiveness in Health Promotion. Routledge Publishing. Gilford, D. M. (1988).The Aging Population In The Twenty-First Century. Contributor National Academy of Sciences. National Academic Press. Haber, D. (2007). Health Promotion of Aging; Practical Applications for Health Professionals. Fourth edition. Springer Publishing Company Timmreck, T.C. (2003).Planning Program Development and Evaluation. Jones and Barlett Publishers. Timiras, P.S., (2002) Physiological Basis of Aging And Geriatrics. Mac Millan Publishing. New York. Webb, R.C., (1999). Psychology of The Consumer And It’s Development .Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers. New York. How to cite Eight Stages In the Development of Man, Essay examples
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Dual-career families free essay sample
Unlike in the past, when the institution of marriage was primarily based on the typical, patriarchal, traditional family, where the father was the breadwinner and the mother was the homemaker, many families have now transitioned into modern day dual-career households. These couples are both highly accomplished and have established their own personal professional identities. In 1998, dueal-earner couple actually outnumbered â€Å"traditional†families nearly three to one (U.S.BureauoftheCensus, 1998). Despite these substantivechanges to the family unit, The traditional breadwinner (the father) and homemaker (mother) models continue to be the socially accepted, preferred family. Dating all the way back to the days of the industrial era, women slowly began to work outside of their homes as a way to provide supplemental income for their families. This was also a great way to obtain their resources and independence. Women Filtering into the Workplace Although there appearsto be more and more woment hat have entered the workforce in the last few decades, the â€Å"role of women in the academic arena is still being negotiated, and the outcomes that exist for them may be worse if they are wives in a dual-career partnership†(Norell Norell, 1996). In fact, many institutions have already implemented policies that are designed to prohibit the hiring of both husband and wife working together. In some cases, they try not to hire women at all. It was not until the early 1970s that many institutions discouraged couples from working together. The Norell (1996) studies revealed that â€Å"anti-nepotism policies subjected faculty to practices and decisions regarding employment men and women from the same family†( ). Despite the effortsof anumber of schools that implement dual-career programs and benefits for working parents, they are so newthat verylittle systemic assessment has been reported. In the Bird Schnurman (2005) expose, there was no mention of any of the participants being able to work in the same work environment. Professional Identity: Time and Responsibility The article in discussion : â€Å"Professional Identity and Coping Behaviors†explores how dual career couples share a unique connection between their personal identity and behavior response while at work or in their home environment. These authors argue their point well that there may be substantial evidence which shows that dual-career couples have both a professional and a family identity that must reflect their unique, individual competencies and responsibilities at both places. The article was very insightful and it contains a vast amount of relevant evidence-based material. For example, the Brett Meyer (1999) study concluded that â€Å"time (having enough to accomplish career tasks) and responsibility (whether to use tasks that are shared) are key factors in professional identity development and maintenance†(Bird Schurman, 2005, P. 146). In addition, Papp (2000) pointed out that time and responsibility are also important to understanding how couples give meaningto the â€Å"fit†between work and family roles (cited in Bird Schnurman, P. 146). Identiy Theory Stryker (1998) determined that â€Å"identities are arranged in a hierarchy, with the most salient taking precedence across multiple situations.†Moreover, In Thoits (1991) study states that Identity Theory â€Å"proposes that individuals develop a sense of self constructed from hierarchically organized multiple identities.†these identities are defined as self-conceptions gained from enacting socialroles such as parital partners, parent, employee, daughter and friend†(cited in Bird Schnurman, 2005). In essence the Identity Theory is about the â€Å"commitment to and investment in a professional identityâ€Å"(Bird Schnurman, 2005). Comments and Judgement Because of limited critical analysis experience there is nothing in this study that needs to be added or substracted in terms of its validity. There appears to be sufficient empirical evidence to back up the authors main argument that the integrity of the marital commitment of dual-career couples can become compromised and may weaken when put under the pressures of everyday stressors at work or at home. The authors took their studies to the next level by providing a variety of coping strategies along with customized quotes from many of the participants in the study, both male and female. However, they failed to mention or include the responses and actions of the children involved, they gave no credence to diversity, culture, race, ethnicity or sexual orientation; leaving out the LBGT populations entirely. One of its weaknesses was that there was no definitve depiction of the participants diversity and from the readings, this study seemed like a story about members of theTea Party and their wives, in that they were all of a similar educational background and socioeconomic status. Dual-earner couples are parents too and must be commended for their hard work, both at their worksite and at home. To coincide with this fact, a dual-career study completed by Okonwo (2013) proved that dual income families do not necessary influence their childs self-esteem. In concordance with this study another qualitative study by Martinez, Carrasco, Aza, Blanco and Espinoza (2011) expounded that with â€Å"their more traditional rolde of high demands at the work setting †¦..resulted in guilt feelings if he (the provider) perceives himself as neglecting new goals he has assumed.†In addition, another dual-career family study reported that â€Å"fathers are more stisfied with their work-family balance the more they participated in child-care and the more they felt supported by their workplace to access family-friendly work policies†(Craig Sawrikai, 2013). The study also suggestd that mens â€Å"incorporating of a less traditional paternal role ideology- more involvement with the familly life and responsibility for parents†can lead to conflict (P. 685). Conclusion It really does appear that the institution of marriage has been turned upside down, inside out and has basically the so-called traditional family has lost its original identity. The once stay-at-home moms no longer stay at home and the once breadwinners are stepping into roles that were once considered â€Å"just for mothers. †As was stated earlier, dual-career couples now outnumber the patriarchal traditional family. These â€Å"third-career†families now have the option to balance their professional identities as well as their family identities (Bird Schnurman, 2005). However, if the lines of communication are closed and the relationship weakened due the the pressures and life stressors, it is important to give these dual-career partner the coping tools they will need to their connection to each other salient. In essence, dual-earner couples â€Å"must learn how to keep the delicate balance between familly and career responsibilities both at home and in the workplace†(Bird Schnurman, 2005). One of the outstanding features of this piece was illustrated in Table 1. Coping Strategies for Work and Family Stressors. The concept and the lay out of table was of textbook quality and the format was easy to read and was understandable. For example, a few of the coping strategies mentioned were Problem focused, Emotion focused, and Dyadic and Communal Coping Strategies. In problem focused coping while at work the table suggests subdividing tasks. At Home Coping would involve compartmentalizing ideas. The other coping mechanisms outlined were Emotion focused. Using this approach at home entails accepting differences and the coping skills at work should include withdrawal and rest and relaxation. The final coping strategies include the Dyadic (acting as a sounding board at work and making time to talk and forging a united front at home). In the Communal coping technique the dual-career partner can learn to foster good relationships with colleagues at the worksite and also learn to facilitate family interdependence and provide/accept support. In the overall scheme of things, learning how to balance the workplace and home stressors and keeping the lines of communication open is really what its all about. This can make the difference between a good dual-career relationship and a great one. In keeping everything in context, dual-career couples should continue in their progressive paths, keeping their childrens emotional, psychological, social and spiirtual needs in the forefront of their daily agendas and everything in time will work out the way it was intended to work out. Critiquing this amazing literary fine art have been a wonderful experience and it also has been an eye-opening adventure. Here is the critics final comments. Working women can be expected to build their lives on less traditional ideologies about the ideal role of men and women in the family setting, conforming less to the model of intensive maternity that blames and criminalizes them by portraying them – from a misleading and mystifying exaltation – as being exclusively responsible for their childrens socio-emotional, physcial, mental and spiritul growth and well-being. Martinez, Carraso, Aza, Blanco Espinosa, 2013.
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